Peanut allergy is a common and potentially serious condition in which the immune system mistakenly identifies peanut proteins as harmful substances and triggers an allergic reaction. Symptoms can range from mild itching and swelling to severe anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Research in peanut allergy focuses on understanding the causes of the allergy, developing effective diagnostic tests, and finding treatments such as immunotherapy to desensitize individuals to peanuts. Prevention strategies, such as early introduction of peanuts to infants and improved labeling of food products, are also important areas of study in this field.